| Octet No. | Contents |
|---|---|
| 15 |
Shape of the Earth (See Code Table
3.2) |
| 16 |
Scale factor of radius of
spherical Earth |
| 17-20 |
Scale value of radius of
spherical Earth |
| 21 |
Scale factor of major axis of
oblate spheroid Earth |
| 22-25 |
Scaled value of major axis of
oblate spheroid Earth |
| 26 | Scale factor of minor axis of oblate spheroid Earth |
| 27-30 |
Scaled value of minor axis of oblate spheroid Earth |
| 31-34 | Nx ― number of data points along the x-axis (see Note 1) |
| 35-38 | Ny ― number of data points along the y-axis (see Note 1) |
| 39-42 |
Nc — number of grid cells spanning the face of the cube in either direction |
| 43-46 |
Xshift — shift x index (see Note 1) |
| 47-50 |
Yshift — shift y index (see Note 1) |
| 51 | Face number (see Note 2) |
| 52-55 | Latitude of the southern pole of projection (see Note 3) |
| 56-59 | Longitude of the southern pole of projection (see Note 3) |
| 60-63 | Angle of rotation of projection (see Note 3) |
| 64-67 | Stretching factor C (see Note 4) |
| 68-71 | Gnomonic grid spacing parameter (B) (see Note 5) |
| 72 |
Resolution and component flags (see Flag Table 3.3) |
| 73 |
Scanning and staggering flags (see Flag Table 3.4) (see Note 6) |
| Notes: 1. Nx and Ny shall be at least 1 and at most Nc+1 (or at most Nc if the respective staggering bits in octet 73 is 1). Lower-left grid point is shifted by Xshift, Yshift grid points in x and y direction from the coodinate system origin. 2. Face number shall have a value of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. Face number 0 is a special global case meaning all 6 faces are given in order in one grib message. This special case has the restrictions that: (a) The first three staggering bits are all 0 or all 1 (that is, all data must be at the cell lower-left corners or at the cell centers in order to avoid mismatches between tiles at their edges) (b) All 6 faces share the same scanning and staggering flags (c) Nx and Ny both equal either Nc or Nc+1, depending on staggering as in Note 1 (note there will be duplication of data if they equal Nc+1) (d) Vector component are restricted to being earth-relative Data section shell contains data value for all defined faces in increasing order. 3. Three parameters define a general latitude/longitude coordinate system, formed by a gen- eral rotation of the sphere. One choice for these parameters is: (a) The geographic latitude in degrees of the southern pole of the coordinate system,θp for example; (b) The geographic longitude in degrees of the southern pole of the coordinate system, θp for example; (c) The angle of rotation in degrees about the new polar axis (measured clockwise when looking from the southern to the northern pole) of the coordinate system, assuming the new axis to have been obtained by first rotating the sphere through λp degrees about the geographic polar axis, and then rotating through (90 + p) degrees so that the southern pole moved along the (previously rotated) Greenwich meridian. 4. The stretching is defined by three parameters: (a) The latitude in degrees (measured in the model coordinate system) of the “pole of stretching”; (b) The longitude in degrees (measured in the model coordinate system) of the “pole of stretching”; (c) The stretching factor C in units of 10−6 represented as an integer. The stretching is defined by representing data uniformly in a coordinate system with longitude λ and latitude θ1,where: θ1 = arcsin { (1-C2)+(1+C2)sin θ / (1+C2)+(1-C2)sin θ } and λ and θ are longitude and latitude in a coordinate system in which the “pole of stretching” is the northern pole. C = 1 gives uniform resolution, while C > 1 gives enhanced resolution around the pole of stretching. 5. The grid spacing parameter B > −1 relates the map coordinates, xm and ym in [−1, +1] (whose uniform increments define an instance of the grid) to the gnomonic cube face coordinates, xg, yg in [−1, +1]. The relationship between xm and xg is: { tanh [ arctanh (-B)1/2 xm] / (-B)1/2 : -1 < B < 0 xg = { xm : B = 0 { tan [ arctan (B)1/2 xm] / B1/2 : B > 0 and likewise for the relationship between ym and yg. The case B = 0 corresponds to the equi-distant gnomonic mapping introduced by Sadourny (1972). In the cases where 0 < B ≤ 1, then a geometrical interpretation of B is that it is associated with an angle, β, through B = [cos(β)]2 , where β is the angle between the plane of the median, xm=0, of the cube face, and the plane of the arc of the line of the constant coordinate xm along which the intersection of the grid lines of constant ym are equally spaced on the sphere (see Appendix A of Purser 2018). The case B = 1 implies β = 0 which corresponds to the definition of the ‘equiangular’ gnomonic grid; The case B = 1/2 corresponds to β = 45° which implies the spacing of grid points is uniform along each edge of the cube. As parameter B increases, the relative density of grid lines near the face center increases at the expense of their density near the face edges. 6. Scanning and staggering flags (octets 73–78) must contains valid values for all faces that are present in the grib message. Purser, R. J. 2018: M ̈obius net cubed-sphere gnomonic grids. NOAA/NCEP Office Note 496. https://doi.org/10.25923/d9rn-fd18 Sadourny, R. 1972: Conservative finite-differencing approximations of the primitive equations on quasi-uniform spherical grids. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 136–144. |